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Despite the development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and an encouraging start to its roll out in many countries, in the coming months and years targeted prevention strategies will still be vital for socially marginalised groups. People experiencing multiple levels of exclusion related to homelessness, drug use, sex work, migration and their intersection can be particularly vulnerable to infection and morbidity with SARS-CoV-2 and will be less likely to benefit from population-wide prevention approaches such as contact tracing and mass vaccination. The recommendation by the Joint Committee on Vaccine and Immunisation in the UK to prioritise vaccination of people experiencing homelessness and rough sleepers is welcome, but will require ongoing vaccination programmes to ensure optimal coverage as well as targeted testing in coming years.